Causa rara de dolor abdominal recurrente; coexistencia del síndrome de Wilkie y el síndrome del cascanueces / A rare cause of recurrent abdominal pain; the coexistence of Wilkie's syndrome and nutcracker syndrome

El síndrome del cascanueces es un síndrome que presenta síntomas clínicos como hematuria, proteinuria ortostática, congestión pélvica, varicocele del lado izquierdo, hipertensión y dolor en fosa renal. Estos síntomas se producen por la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior. En el síndrome de Wilkie, la tercera porción del duodeno está comprimida entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal, lo que provoca diversos síntomas gastrointestinales. La coexistencia de estos dos síndromes constituye una afección rara y se incluye como casos clínicos en la bibliografía. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de un paciente de 17 años que presentaba dolor abdominal recurrente debido al síndrome de Wilkie, acompañado del síndrome del cascanueces que le provocaba proteinuria, por lo que el paciente fue derivado a los consultorios externos de reumatología pediátrica con un diagnóstico preliminar de fiebre mediterránea familiar.

Nutcracker syndrome is a syndrome that has clinical symptoms such as hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, pelvic congestion, left-sided varicocele, hypertension, and flank pain. These symptoms occur because of the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In Wilkie's syndrome, the third part of the duodenum is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, causing various gastrointestinal symptoms. The coexistence of these two syndromes is a rare condition and is included as case reports in the literature. This article presents the clinical and radiological results of a 17-year-old male patient who had recurrent abdominal pain due to Wilkie's syndrome, which was accompanied by nutcracker syndrome that caused proteinuria, and for this reason, the patient was referred to the Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever.

Síndrome de Wilkie: caso clínico / Wilkie syndrome: case report

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Wilkie es una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción del tracto digestivo superior, se caracteriza por una disminución del ángulo aorto-mesentérico que resulta en compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno que produce síntomas obstructivos altos. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 64 años, con historia de dolor abdominal, pirosis, saciedad precoz e intolerancia a la vía oral, en quien los estudios iniciales mostraron esofagitis, pero en quien los síntomas no mejoraron con el tratamiento clásico para enfermedad ácido péptica y en quien estudios imagenológicos adicionales sugerían el síndrome de Wilkie como causa de los síntomas. Discusión y Conclusión: Se trata de una patología que debe conocerse y considerar en paciente con historia de pérdida de peso, marcada intolerancia a la vía oral y falta de respuesta al manejo.

Introduction: Wilkie syndrome is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction, it is characterized by a decrease in the aorto-mesenteric angle that results in a compression of the third portion of the duodenum causing high obstructive symptoms. Case Report: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman, with a history of abdominal pain, heartburn, early satiety, and intolerance to the oral route, in whom initial studies showed esophagitis, but in whom symptoms did not improve with the classic treatment for peptic acid disease, additional imaging studies suggested Wilkie syndrome. Discussion and Conclusión: It is a pathology that must be known and suspected in patients with a history of weight loss, marked intolerance to oral intake, and lack of treatment response.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - An Uncommon Complication After Surgical Corrections of Spinal Deformities / Síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior - Uma complicação incomum após correções cirúrgicas de deformidades da coluna

Abstract Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

Resumo A compressão vascular da terceira parte do duodeno pela artéria mesentérica superior resulta no desenvolvimento de uma condição incomum de oclusão do trânsito duodenal conhecida como síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior. Este fenômeno pode acontecer após cirurgias de correção de deformidades da coluna, e sua taxa de ocorrência é de 0,5 a 4,7% dos casos. Isso ocorre em virtude da alteração do posicionamento do ponto de emergência da artéria, decorrente da mudança do comprimento do tronco após a cirurgia, e está associado a fatores de risco, como baixo índice de massa corpórea e perda ponderal. Os pacientes costumam se apresentar com um quadro de oclusão intestinal, com dor abdominal, náusea, vômito bilioso e saciedade precoce. O reconhecimento desta condição é importante para instituir o tratamento adequado, que varia do tratamento clínico, com sondagem e descompressão gástrica associados a suporte nutricional; à necessidade de abordagem cirúrgica. Complicações secundárias relacionadas à síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior incluem: recuperação cirúrgica e nutricional retardadas, problemas com a cicatrização e hospitalização prolongada. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior, ocorrido em um paciente com escoliose neuromuscular secundária a sequela de mielite transversa, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico da deformidade da coluna.

Duodenoyeyunostomía laparoscópica en el Síndrome de la Arteria Mesentérica Superior / Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

Introducción: El Síndrome de la Arteria Mesentérica Superior es causa poco frecuente de obstrucción duodenal. Los síntomas varían desde una obstrucción leve hasta emergencias agudas. El examen físico no siempre ayuda al diagnóstico, que se basa en los hallazgos imagenológicos. Objetivo: preconizar, recomendar el uso de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas en el manejo quirúrgico del Síndrome de la Arteria Mesentérica Superior. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 49 años de edad, antecedentes de pérdida de peso después de quimioterapia con náuseas, vómitos y dolor abdominal posprandial de dos años de evolución. Tratada exitosamente con duodenoyeyunostomía laparoscópica. El tratamiento inicial suele ser conservador. Publicaciones recientes respaldan que la duodenoyeyunostomía laparoscópica es un método seguro y efectivo para su tratamiento. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico es cada vez más exitoso, la mayoría de los pacientes no presenta síntomas después de la cirugía(AU)

Introduction: Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction. Symptoms may vary from mild obstruction to acute life-threatening emergencies. Physical examination does not always help in establishing the diagnosis which is based on findings from imaging studies. Objective: To recommend the laparoscopic approach for the surgical treatment of this entity. Case presentation: A 49-year old female patient with prior history of weight loss after chemotherapy and a two-year history of postprandial nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain who was successfully treated by laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is presented. Discussion: Initial treatment is usually conservative. Recently published studies support that laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is a safe and effective method of treatment. Conclusions: Surgical treatment is becoming more successful and the majority of patients are symptom-free after surgery(AU)

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior: abordaje quirúrgico. Reporte de caso / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: surgical approach, case report

El síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior (SAMS), causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal proximal; ocurre por compresión externa de la tercera porción duodenal por la arteria mesentérica superior debido a la formación de un ángulo inadecuado de la unión aortomesentérica. Incidencia de 0.013% - 0.3. Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 27 años con diagnóstico de SAMS, historia de pérdida de peso, dolor postprandial recurrente, náuseas, vómitos de contenido biliar de un año de evolución. Paciente se ingresa al servicio de emergencia de Cirugía de Adultos del Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala, donde se programa y realiza abordaje con técnica de Strong, además de la realización de duodeno-yeyuno anastomosis. Evoluciona satisfactoriamente por lo que se concluye que la técnica de Strong aunada a la realización de duodeno-yeyuno anastomosis son herramientas más efectivas como abordaje quirúrgico del síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior. (AU)

The superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SAMS), a rare cause of proximal intestinal obstruction; It occurs by external compression of the third duodenal portion by the superior mesenteric artery due to the formation of an inappropriate angle of the aortomesenteric junction. Incidence of 0.013% - 0.3. A case of a 27-year-old male patient is presented with a diagnosis of SAMS, history of weight loss, recurrent postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting of bile content of one year of evolution. Patient is admitted to the emergency service of Adult Surgery of the Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala, where an approach with Strong's technique is programmed and performed in addition to the duodenum-jejunum anastomosis, it evolves satisfactorily, which is why it is concluded that the Strong's technique combined duodenum-jejunum anastomosis are more effective tools as a surgical approach to superior mesenteric artery syndrome. (AU)

Síndrome de Wilkie secundario a hipertiroidismo exógeno en una paciente con hipotiroidismo primario autoinmune: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Wilkie's syndrome caused by exogenous hyperthyroidism in a patient with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism: a case report and literature review

RESUMEN El síndrome de Wilkie o de arteria mesentérica superior es una causa poco común de obstrucción intestinal proximal, relacionada a pérdida de peso reciente. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 19 años que se presenta a la clínica con pérdida de peso, dolor abdominal, nausea y vomito. Los exámenes de laboratorio reportaron anemia, hipoalbuminemia, hipomagnesemia y una hormona estimulante de la tiroides suprimida secundario al uso con levotiroxina. Se realizó una serie esofagogastroduodenal con datos compatibles con dilatación gástrica severa, gastroparesia y una tomografía axial computada reveló un ángulo aortomesentérico de 11,7°. Se inicio manejo conservador a base de nutrición enteral y parenteral total, siendo este el tratamiento de elección. En casos refractarios, la cirugía es una opción segura y efectiva.

ABSTRACT Wilkie's syndrome or superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an unusual cause of proximal intestinal obstruction, primarily attributed to recent weight loss. We report the case of a 19-year-old woman comes to our clinic and reports weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypomagnesemia, and a suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone secondary to levothyroxine. A barium swallow test showed gastric dilatation, delayed gastric emptying and an axial computed tomography revealed an aortomesenteric angle of 11.7°. Conservative management with total parenteral and enteral nutrition was initiated, being the first-line treatment. In refractory cases surgery is a safe and effective option.

Oclusión gastroduodenal crónica por síndrome de Wilkie: reporte de un caso / Chronic gastroduodenal occlusion by Wilkie syndrome: a case report

RESUMEN El síndrome de Pinza Aortomesentérica o "Síndrome de Wilkie" es una entidad muy rara, se caracteriza por una pérdida de peso impor-tante y vómitos de alimentos parcialmente digeridos. La sospecha diagnóstica se fundamenta por la presencia de factores predisponen-tes y/o de riesgo. Estudios imagenológicos como un esofagogastroduodeno seriado y ecografía Doppler permiten su confirmación. El tratamiento primario se apoya en una adecuada nutrición. Frente al fracaso del tratamiento médico, se indica el manejo quirúrgico con diferentes técnicas para resolver la oclusión. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente con oclusión gastroduodenal crónica, fallo en el tratamiento médico y resolución quirúrgica con buenos resultados.Palabras claves: Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, obstrucción duodenal, reflujo duodenogástrico, laparotomía, anastomosis quirúrgica; gastroparesia.

ABSTRACT Superior mesenteric artery syndrome or "Wilkie syndrome" is a very rare entity, characterized by significant weight loss and vomiting of partially digested food. The diagnostic suspicion is based on the presence of predisposing and/or risk factors. Imaging studies such as serial esophagogastroduodenum and Doppler ultrasound allow its confirmation. The primary treatment is supported by adequate nutrition. Following the failure of medical treatment, surgical management is indicated with different techniques to resolve the occlusion. We present the case of a teenager with chronic gastroduodenal occlusion, failure in medical treatment and surgical resolution with good results.Keywords: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome; duodenal obstruction; duodenogastric reflux; laparotomy; anastomosis, surgical; gas-troparesis

Tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior em paciente idosa / Surgical treatment of mesenteric superior artery syndrome in an older woman

A síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior (SAM), ou síndrome de Wilkie, é uma afecção rara que acomete geralmente indivíduos jovens do sexo feminino. Caracterizada pela obstrução parcial ou completa do duodeno devido à compressão pela artéria mesentérica superior anteriormente, e pela aorta, posteriormente. Apresentamos um caso não usual de SAM, em paciente idosa, diagnosticado através de história clínica e imagem tomográfica característica. Indicou-se manejo cirúrgico de derivação jejunal e anastomose com duodeno acima da obstrução, na ciência do risco do procedimento. A paciente apresentou excelente evolução e encontra-se assintomática. O diagnóstico precoce, através de uma anamnese adequada e uso dos critérios radiológicos já definidos em literatura, podem afetar positivamente o desfecho dos pacientes portadores em qualquer faixa etária. (AU)

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), or Wilkie syndrome, is a rare condition that usually affects young women. It is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum due to compression by the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly and by the aorta posteriorly. We report an unusual case of SMAS in an older woman diagnosed using clinical history and tomographic imaging. Surgical management consisting of jejunal shunt and anastomosis with duodenum above the obstruction was indicated despite the risk of the procedure. The outcome was excellent, and the patient is asymptomatic. Early diagnosis using adequate anamnesis and radiological criteria defined in the literature may positively influence the outcome of patients from any age group. (AU)

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior en una adolescente de 12 años. Caso clínico / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 12-year-old adolescent. Clinical case

El síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior es una enfermedad poco frecuente en pediatría. Se produce por la compresión de la tercera porción duodenal a su paso entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal (compás aortomesentérico). La mayoría de los pacientes presentan factores predisponentes:pérdida de peso aguda o compresiones extraabdominales.Se presenta el caso de una niña de 12 años de edad a quien se le diagnosticó el síndrome sin presentar factores predisponentes.Comenzó de modo súbito con náuseas, vómitos incoercibles y dolor abdominal, que era posprandial y se aliviaba, llamativamente, en decúbito lateral izquierdo. Esto constituyó la sospecha clínica del síndrome, por lo que se solicitó una angio tomografía computada abdominal y se observó el estrechamiento del compás aortomesentérico. Se realizó un tratamiento médico conservador, sin respuesta clínica. Se decidió el tratamiento quirúrgico y se logró la resolución del cuadro clínico

The superior mesenteric artery syndrome is rarely seen in children. It results from an intestinal obstruction due to compression of the third portion of duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. In most of the cases there are predisposing factors such as rapid weight loss or extra-abdominal compression.We report a case of a superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a twelve-year-old female patient without predisposing factors. The girl began suddenly with nauseas, continuous vomiting and abdominal pain. The abdominal pain was postprandial and it decreased in left lateral decubitus position. Clinically, this characteristic suggested superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Angio-computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis. Given that conservative treatment ultimately failed, patient was subjected to surgery and the illness was resolved.

Case Report: Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome following Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for morbidly obese patients. However, there are remained unsolved problems with various types of complications. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rarely known condition occurred following bariatric surgery. We experienced 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with superior mesenteric artery syndrome 5 year later after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Because symptoms have not improved with conservative care, laparoscopic duodenojejunal bypass was successfully performed for this patient.

Nutcracker Syndrome combined with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Nutcracker syndrome is a phenomenon that the left renal vein (LRV) is pressed between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. Clinical characteristics include gross or microscopic hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, abdominal pain, and back pain. It occurs due to LRV squeezing caused by narrowed aortomesenteric angle. SMA syndrome is a disease that the third part of the duodenum is prone to intestinal obstruction by narrowed angle between the SMA and the abdominal aorta. Clinical symptoms include postprandial abdominal distension, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. SMA syndrome and nutcracker syndrome have common features that result from narrowed aortomesenteric angle. However, it is very rare for both syndromes to occur simultaneously, so the two syndromes are regarded as separate diseases. This is a report on a case of nutcracker syndrome with SMA syndrome in a child who presented gross hematuria, recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. To our knowledge, nutcracker syndrome simultaneous with SMA syndrome has not been previously reported in pediatric patient, especially with an exhibition of gross hematuria. This case suggests that the simultaneous presence of SMA syndrome with the same pathogenesis needs to be considered when nutcracker syndrome is suspected in pediatric patients with hematuria.

Repeated gastric dilatations leading to fatal abdominal compartment syndrome in a patient with bulimia nervosa

Cases of repeated acute gastric dilatations after binge eating in one patient are rarely reported. We report here a case of repeated acute gastric dilatations in a 22-year-old woman with bulimia nervosa. Her repeated acute gastric dilatations seem to have been related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome. On her last visit due to acute gastric dilatation, she underwent emergency gastric decompression surgery because of abdominal compartment syndrome; however, she eventually died because of ischemia reperfusion injury. Emergency physicians should be aware of the need to manage acute gastric dilatation in patients with eating disorder and should pay attention to the signs and distinctive clinical features of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A rare and unusual cause of Gastrointestinal Obstruction

Introduction@#Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare and unusual acquired cause of functional duodenal obstruction whose diagnosis can be easily missed without knowledge of this condition.@*Case Presentation@#We report a case of a 27-year-old female, presenting with post-prandial vomiting, early satiety, bloatedness and weight loss for about 10 months. Vital signs were stable. She was grossly underweight with a BMI of 11.72 kg/m2 (height=1.6m, weight=30kg). Physical examination was unremarkable. Gastrointestinal series revealed a narrowing in the third portion of the duodenum likely secondary to extrinsic compression. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the whole abdomen was performed with 3D reconstruction. There were no definite signs of gastrointestinal obstruction. However, a narrow/acute aorto-mesenteric angle of 13 degrees compressing the third part of the duodenum was noted. Superior mesenteric syndrome was considered, prompting further work-up. Primary hyperthyroidism was the root cause of the patient’s weight loss that lead to this condition. Patient was given nutritional support, parenterally and enterally. She was discharged improved after oral feeding was tolerated and patient started to gain weight. @*Discussion@#Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an uncommon medical condition brought about by a decrease in the aortomesenteric angle from the usual 45o to less than 15o resulting in vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum leading to gastrointestinal obstruction. A high index of suspicion is needed to prevent the diagnosis from being missed which may in turn lead to unnecessary testing and treatment. If recognized early, the condition may be managed conservatively. Surgical management is only required when conservative methods fail.@*Conclusion@#Early recognition and a thorough evaluation is therefore imperative so conservative measures can be maximized at the outset.

Tratamiento mínimamente invasivo del síndrome de Wilkie / Minimally invasive management of Wilkie´s syndrome

Introducción. La compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno debido a la formación de un ángulo inadecuado de la unión aortomesentérica, se configura como el síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior o síndrome de Wilkie. Se trata de una entidad rara, de modo que es escaso su reporte en la literatura y poco aplicado su manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo. Materiales y métodos. Se hace una revisión no sistemática de la literatura y posteriormente se expone el caso de un paciente con síndrome de Wilkie. Se muestran las imágenes de tomografías y un vídeo del procedimiento quirúrgico al que fue sometido. Discusión. El tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior es el último recurso que se ofrece en pacientes con esta entidad. La duodenoyeyunostomía es el procedimiento con mejor evidencia en pacientes con compromiso severo del estado nutricional. Se describen los puntos esenciales de esta técnica utilizada en el caso que se reporta. Conclusiones. Cualquier entidad que cause la disminución del paquete graso entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta puede causar síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior. El diagnóstico es de exclusión y constituye un reto para el equipo médico. El tratamiento inicial es conservador, en tanto que la última opción es el manejo quirúrgico, idealmente por vía laparoscópica. Dentro de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas, la duodenoyeyunostomía es una buena herramienta

Introduction: Compression of the third portion of the duodenum due to an inappropriate angle of the aortamesenteric junction is known as the superior mesenteric artery syndrome or Wilkie's syndrome. A rare entity, reason why the reports in the literature are scarce and the minimally invasive surgical management is scarcely used. Materials and methods: A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out, and the case of a patient with Wilkie's syndrome is reported. The images, tomographies and a video of the surgical procedure are presented.Discussion: The surgical management of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome is the ultimate management to be offered in patients with this entity. Duodenojejunostomy is the procedure with the best evidence to be offered to patients with severe malnutrition. The essential points of this technique, used for the case reported, are described. Conclusions: Any entity that causes the reduction of the fatty pack between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta can cause superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The diagnosis is made by exclusion and constitutes a challenge for the medical team. The initial treatment is conservative, and the last option is the surgical management, ideally laparoscopic; among the minimally invasive techniques, duodenojejunostomy is a good tool

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Combined with Renal Nutcracker Syndrome in a Young Male: A Case Report / 대한소화기학회지

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is one of the rare causes of small bowel obstruction. It develops following a marked decrease in the angle between SMA and the abdominal aorta due to weight loss, anatomical anomalies, or following surgeries. Nutcracker syndrome in the left renal vein may also occur following a decrease in the aortomesenteric angle. Though SMA syndrome and renal nutcracker syndrome share the same pathogenesis, concurrent development has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a 23-year-old healthy male diagnosed with SMA syndrome and renal nutcracker syndrome due to severe weight reduction. The patient visited our outpatient clinic presenting bilious vomiting and indigested vomitus for 3 consecutive days. He had lost 20 kg during military service. We suspected SMA syndrome based on abnormal air-shadow in the stomach and small bowel on abdominal X-ray; we confirmed compression of the third portion of the duodenum with upper gastrointestinal series and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Concurrently, renal nutcracker syndrome was also detected via abdominal CT and Doppler ultrasound. Considering bilious vomiting and no urinary symptoms, SMA syndrome was corrected by laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy, and close observation for the renal nutcracker syndrome was recommended.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (168)

A 16-year-old Chinese male patient presented with constipation lasting five days, colicky abdominal pain, lethargy, weakness and body aches. He was able to pass flatus. Abdominal radiography showed a distended stomach causing inferior displacement of the transverse colon. Computed tomography revealed a dilated oesophagus, stomach and duodenum up to its third portion, with a short aortomesenteric distance and narrow angle. There was also consolidation in the lungs bilaterally. Based on the constellation of clinical and imaging findings, a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome complicated by aspiration pneumonia was made. The patient was subsequently started on intravenous hydration, nasogastric tube aspiration and antibiotics. Following stabilisation of his acute condition, a nasojejunal feeding tube was inserted and a feeding plan was implemented to promote weight gain. The clinical presentation, differentials, diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome are discussed.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Treated with Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrojejunostomy / 대한소화기학회지

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare condition that must be differentiated from other gastrointestinal diseases manifesting as upper abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. The description of SMA syndrome is compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the abdominal aorta. SMA syndrome is managed with nasoenteral nutrition or surgical strategies such as laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. However, SMA syndrome treated using enteral nutrition by percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy has not been reported. Here, we report our experience of successfully managing a case of SMA syndrome with percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy.

Rosai–Dorfman disease with exclusive intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy masquerading as Wilkie's syndrome

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder with a distinctive microscopic appearance. Patients usually present with nonspecific symptoms and massive cervical lymphadenopathy. Exclusive involvement of intra-abdominal lymph nodes is unusual and presentation mimicking Wilkie's syndrome due to compression of the third part of the duodenum by enlarged retroduodenal lymph nodes is rare. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis with infectious, granulomatous and malignant causes of intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. We highlight an uncommon presentation and discuss the challenges in the diagnosis and management of Rosai-Dorfman disease